• Cottony soft rot

  bodies) containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses [...] kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs with new dark sclerotia. The fungus also infects seeds and tubers, thereby [...] The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and

• Fusarium spp.

  Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants [...] tion occurs. Infected glumes and kernels become white, due to dehydration, and later turn pinkish-red as spores are formed. Ear infection decreases the [...] Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens, which can only infect wounded or stressed host plants

• Fusarium wilt

  Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants [...] greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds [...] Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival

• Beneficial microorganisms

  microorganisms for pest control How it works Infection and colonization: Beneficial microorganisms start by infecting their insect hosts. The fungi produce spores [...] the fungal infection, the fungus continues to grow. Eventually, it produces more spores, which can be released into the environment to infect other pests [...] microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful pests. Beneficial microorganisms for pest control

• Damping-off

  water. They infect the roots through small wounds, where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new [...] Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings start falling over, also called ‘damping-off’ [...] soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail

• Beneficial nematodes

  quickly multiply, causing septicemia (a lethal blood infection) in the host insect. Bacterial infection: The bacteria secret toxins and antimicrobial compounds [...] essential for nutrient recycling. Others are called parasitic nematodes, infecting plants, insects, animals, or humans. There are about 25.000 named species [...] days. The host becomes immobile and eventually dies due to the bacterial infection. Feeding and reproduction: The nematodes feed on the multiplying bacteria

• Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

  controlling a variety of insect pests. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes infect their hosts by entering through natural openings or the cuticle. Once inside [...] emergence of a new generation of nematodes that can continue to seek out and infect other pests in the area. In this way, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes

• Larvanem

  host. This kills the pest within a few hours to days after infection. Visual effect Infected pest insects in the root zone turn red to brown but may be [...] 500 million – 10 sachets of 250 million in a box. Developmental stage Infective third-stage larvae (L3). Concentration 86% Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

• Steinernema carpocapsae

  ss in controlling a variety of pests. Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes infect their hosts by entering through natural openings. Once inside the host, [...] emergence of a new generation of nematodes that can continue to seek out and infect other pests in the area. In this way, Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes

• Vine mealybug

  bunges of grapes can be colonized. The taste can also be affected. An infection by Planococcus ficus can make the plants more susceptible to injury caused