Cotton aphid

including the cucumber mosaic virus. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s [...] is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation [...] skin, betraying their presence in the crop. The cotton aphid can be distinguished from other aphids by the colour of the two cornicles (siphunculi). These

Trianum effectively controls Pythium in cucumber

rows had to be rejected, and the fungus would spread through the gutters to adjacent mats. ‘We sometimes lost up to 50% of production on the affected mats [...] fewer chemicals,’ he explained. The biggest threat to his crop is thrips , especially during the darkest period of the year. ‘Nature basically shuts down [...] ticking over. Those sorts of conditions have a bigger impact on the beneficials than on the thrips, which means I need to be alert. The same goes for caterpillars

Spider mites and other mites

cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents [...] covered with such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the leaves affect the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental [...] contents. The empty dead cells become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction

Two-spotted spider mite

cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents [...] removed, the leaf, and eventually the whole plant, may die. In tomatoes and cucumbers, as little as 30% damage of the leaf surface can lead to loss of the crop [...] contents. The empty dead cells become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction

Western flower thrips

cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting [...] patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When [...] finally the adult insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks

Green peach aphid

from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can

Citrus mealybug

distance over the plant. The male nymph attaches itself to the plant, whereas the females remain mobile throughout their entire development. After the second [...] order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew [...] this honeydew. Additionally, the white, waxy secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also

American serpentine leaf miner

roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate. A small [...] enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle and appearance of American serpentine leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following [...] ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are

Integrated Pest Management

insects and biological control One of the key aspects of IPM is harnessing the power of natural enemies to control pest populations. Predatory mites , parasitic [...] detect the presence of pests and respond accordingly. The use of insect traps can also be an effective way to control pests without resorting to chemicals [...] and scouting is the systematic observation of crops throughout their growth cycle. This involves a close inspection of plants for signs of pests and diseases

Grapes

it comes to the production of wine, but also table grapes. Still, cultivars of the Vitis vinifera are the basis of wine production around the world. All [...] About The common grape vine ( Vitis vinifera ) is a species of Vitis . The plant comes originally from the Mediterranean region, central Europe and so [...] Germany and Iran. The grape is the fruit of this plant and is actually a berry. Grapes are consumed fresh and they are processed to make wine or juice