California red scale

General information Red scale or California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) belongs to the Diaspididae family and is a pest found worldwide, mainly in citrus, but also in fig, cotton, mango, banana, a

False codling moth

General False codling moth ( Thaumatotibia leucotreta ) is native to sub-Saharan Africa and is found in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlanti

Macadamia nut borer

General The macadamia nut borer ( Thaumatotibia batrachopa ) is native to Africa and was originally described from the Eastern Cape province in South Africa. Macadamia is the major host of this moth,

Citrus thrips

General Citrus thrips is originally described from various localities in South Africa and is indigenous. It occurs throughout Southern Africa, East Africa, Egypt and Yemen. Citrus thrips can survive o

Litchi moth

General Litchi moth ( Cryptophlebia peltastica ) is native to Southern Africa and also occurs on the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and Seychelles. Litchi moth is polyphagous a

Thrips

Biological control of thrips Thrips are among the most challenging pests in greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding and virus transmission cause leaf deformation, silvering and fruit damage, leading

Psyllids

Spider mites and other mites

Biological control of spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf discoloration, reduced pho

Whitefly

Biological control of whitefly Whiteflies are common pests in greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their feeding weakens plants, causes leaf yellowing and

Leafhoppers

Biological control of leafhoppers Leafhoppers are highly mobile, sap-sucking pests that feed on plant leaves, causing discoloration, stippling and leaf curling. Their feeding reduces photosynthesis, w