• Pepper

  January 1, 1970

  damage or breakage of their tender stems. The pepper plant has become one of the most widely cultivated crop worldwide. The development of greenhouse technology [...] the nightshade family Solanaceae. This plant genus includes all varieties of peppers, including the mild bell pepper and hot peppers in jalapeno and habanero

• Tobacco aphid

  January 1, 1970

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] they are also capable of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the [...] viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Tobacco aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour

• Beneficial nematodes

  January 1, 1970

  group of worms belonging to the phylum Nematoda. Nematodes are characterized by their unsegmented, cylindrical bodies, and they come in a variety of sizes [...] Some of the well-known beneficial nematode species include: Steinernema feltiae : These cold tolerant nematodes are effective against a wide range of so [...] effectiveness until the day of application Create a nematode suspension by mixing them with water following provided instructions In case of soil application: Ensure

• Macadamia nut borer

  January 1, 1970

  large fruit, part of the kernel may remain. A larva can consume several small nuts by moving from one fruit to another. This type of damage is small, and [...] and trees are able to compensate for damage because of the large volume of flowers and small nuts produced by macadamia trees early in the season. Fruit [...] penetrated, larvae then feed on the inside of the husk. Damaged nuts are shed by the tree. Appearance and life cycle of Macadamia nut borer The eggs are laid

• Western flower thrips

  January 1, 1970

  leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are [...] In the adults both pairs of wings are fully developed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking

• Parasitic wasps

  January 1, 1970

  animals, or the environment. Benefits of parasitic wasps Using parasitic wasps for pest control offers a range of benefits: Enhanced crop protection : Parasitic [...] ecosystem balance: The introduction of parasitic wasps into commercial growing environments can promote biodiversity, as the use of harmful chemicals decreases [...] parasitic wasp seeks out a suitable host pest. The choice of host depends on the specific species of parasitic wasp, as they often exhibit host specificity

• Oleander scale

  January 1, 1970

  symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause [...] photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects [...] shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a greyish, dirty white or yellowy

• Flies

  January 1, 1970

  directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and [...] nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae ( sciarid flies ) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on [...] to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted

• Green peach aphid

  January 1, 1970

  malformations of the growing tips. Life cycle and appearance of green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit

• Cotton aphid

  January 1, 1970

  therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to