• Damping-off

  and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection [...] mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected [...] stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group

• Beetles

  is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or stored [...] Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account of their hard wing covers (elytra). With more [...] and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed on growing tips and roots or chew and bore into stems, but in other species

• Greenhouse whitefly

  The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and [...] population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt [...] fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt

• Tobacco thrips

  nations. In Europe, Thrips parvispinus was first detected in Greece in 1998 as a pest on ornamental crops, later appearing in Spain in 2017, France in 2018 [...] thrips may also be visible on the upper sides of leaves. Larvae are primarily located on young leaves and, to a lesser extent, on flower buds. Adults tend [...] Netherlands in 2019, and Germany by the end of 2021. The tobacco thrips also reached Florida in 2020 and has since spread to several other states in the US

• Broad mite

  leaves. In case of a mild infestation, one can often see brown, frequently collapsed spots, or brown stripes forming a fine network on the leaves. In case [...] s latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) has a wide range of host plants, especially [...] The typical pattern of damage consists of malformation and distortion of the above-ground growth of the plant. The mites show a preference for young,

• Spider mites and other mites

  laid on the underside of leaves or on other parts of the plant. The number of eggs laid by a single female can vary, and they can hatch within a few days [...] are mites? Plant mites are a diverse group of small arthropods that feed on plant sap. They are found in a wide variety of habitats, from forests and [...] plant mites a magnifying glass is needed to detect them. Plant mites are often found in colonies on the undersides of leaves, where they feed on the plant's

• Tomato leafminer

  the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil. When [...] absoluta), a major pest of field- and greenhouse-grown tomatoes, belongs to the family of Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae [...] may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves, the larvae only feed on mesophyll tissues, leaving the epidermis

• Aphids

  to the growth of a black sooty mold. Aphids life cycle Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults of the same species [...] the other. For a large part of the season an aphid population consists of viviparous females. As reproduction is asexual, the progeny of a single female [...] extract large quantities of sap in order to get sufficient protein. As a consequence, the excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop

• Tobacco whitefly

  identified on tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world [...] level of resistance to many insecticides and its propensity for the transmission of viruses. Damage symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein [...] population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt

• Fall Armyworm

  the stage of crop development, and the age of the larvae. On maize, young larvae usually feed on leaves, creating a characteristic windowing effect. This [...] vary in colour from light tan to green to black. They have a distinct white inverted Y-shaped mark on the front of the head and four large spots on the [...] disperse in a radius of about 500 km (300 miles) before oviposition, which is sufficient for them to move from seasonally dry habitats to wet habitats in Central