• Aphidius colemani

  of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right species [...] Aphidius colemani is widely used in the biological control of aphids . Aphidius colemani is used for the control of the following pests: Cotton aphid ( Aphis [...] Aphidius colemani The parasitic wasp is available in a bottle ( Aphipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains

• Beneficial nematodes

  infection) in the host insect. Bacterial infection: The bacteria secret toxins and antimicrobial compounds that kill the host insect within a few days. The host [...] due to the bacterial infection. Feeding and reproduction: The nematodes feed on the multiplying bacteria and absorb the nutrients released by the bacterial [...] Photorhabdus species, into the insect's body cavity. These bacteria are essential for the nematode's parasitic strategy. The bacteria quickly multiply,

• Anagyrus vladimiri

  Hang the bottle in the crop, out of direct sunlight Deploy in or near the mealybug colonies Leave bottles in the crop for at least two weeks Carry out [...] dimorphism: the female is about 1.5-2 mm in length and brown, with distinctive black and white banded antennae. The male is 0.8 mm in length and black in colour [...] Anagyrus vladimiri The parasitic wasp Anagyrus vladimir is available in a bottle ( Citripar ). Remove the label from the bottle according to the instructions

• Neoseiulus cucumeris

  pollen, which is useful for instance in sweet pepper crops as the predatory mite can establish itself in the crop before the pest appears. The success of [...] Thripex-Plus ). In this case the predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over a period of several weeks. Hang sachets in sheltered [...] cucumeris is sensitive to relative humidity below 70%. Neoseiulus cucumeris in bottles or buckets The predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris is available in a bottle

• Knowing & recognizing

  s of the most prevalent pests, diseases and their natural enemies. This book provides the reader with the necessary information to understand the interaction [...] spread in the crop, the damage they can cause, and specific behavioural characteristics. Koppert - A knowledge company The use of biological control is not [...] giving you the ability to recognize the pest or disease you are up against by means of detailed illustrations and close-up photographs. The knowledge gained

• Mealybugs and scales

  it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew. In fact, the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign of the presence of this type of pest. [...] unfit for sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production; in ornamental crops, the mere presence of [...] stunting, and in extreme cases eventual defoliation. However, it is mainly the great quantity of honey-dew that causes the damage because of the sooty mould

• Cotton bollworm

  yellowish-white to reddish-brown with dark spots. In later instars the head is mottled, and the body is marked with three prominent longitudinal dark bands [...] long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil [...] bored near the stalk. During development, the caterpillars damage most fruits by mining. All fruits can be damaged, although the preference is for smaller

• Long-tailed mealybug

  length of the other filaments is roughly half the width of the body. The female is 3 - 4 mm long. Reproduction in Pseudococcus longispinus , may be sexual or [...] mealybug The long-tailed mealy bug is easily recognized by the long, posterior tail filaments, which are at least the length of the body itself. The length [...] photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient to render the product

• Vine mealybug

  from the pupa. The male is smaller (1 mm), dark orange in color with long tail filaments and transparent wings and has no mouthparts. The female is larger [...] shape and has no wings. The body is covered with a fine waxy material and have 18 pairs of wax rods round the edge of the body, and two slightly longer [...] defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but

• Crop Protection

  Crop protection in agriculture Crop protection is the practice of protecting plants against pests, diseases, and harmful influences to ensure healthy growth [...] residues on crops. This enhances food safety and reduces the risk of pesticide residues in the food chain, addressing consumer concerns about chemical exposure [...] negative impacts on the environment and non-target organisms, biological crop protection is both eco-friendly and sustainable, ensuring the health of crops