Aphids

insects: the super- family Aphidoidea, belonging to the order Hemiptera . The aphids discussed here all belong to the family Aphididae, a family containing [...] a result, the plant’s growth is retarded, giving rise to deformed leaves, or even, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young [...] and flowers by piercing the plant tissue and sucking out the sap. This can result in stunted growth, curling or distortion of the leaves, yellowing, or

Bugs

their body when at rest. The wings overlap each other exposing the scutellum, a prominent triangular region of the thorax between the wing bases. This dis [...] consists of an egg, usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in [...] nutrients from them, resulting in deformations and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage

Broad mite

to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern of damage consists of malformation and distortion of the above-ground growth of the plant. The mites [...] lay their eggs mainly on the underside of the leaf or on the fruit surface. The elongated, oval eggs are firmly attached to the surface and are rather large [...] tissue, like the growing tips, young leaves and flower buds. The mechanism causing the deformation is not yet fully understood, possibly the mites, whilst

Aphidius colemani

typical of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right [...] of the aphid population by the presence of the parasitic wasp also has an effect: the alarmed aphids secrete a warning substance, which affects the entire [...] Aphidius colemani is widely used in the biological control of aphids . Aphidius colemani is used for the control of the following pests: Cotton aphid ( Aphis

Mediterranean fruit fly

hatching, the larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit. As each fly lays several eggs in a fruit and different flies may lay eggs in the same fruit, the number [...] black mouth hooks. The puparium is 4-5 mm long, yellowish brown to reddish brown and barrel-shaped. The eggs are laid below the skin of the host fruit. After [...] practically all the tree fruit crops. It has also been recorded from wild hosts belonging to a large number of families. Damage symptoms The oviposition hole

Natupol Fly

Application Put the required amount of pupae in a cup Place the cup in the crop on the soil. Do not scatter the pupae in the crop Protect the pupae from direct [...] little pollen. Crops Crops of the Crucifer, Composite, Umbellifer and Lily family. Mode of action The flies search for nectar in the flower and thus come into [...] not consumed by the flies but stick to their bodies. When a fly visits another flower the pollen are transferred to the pistils of the flower which is

Vine mealybug

General The vine mealybug Planococcus ficus belongs to the family Pseudococcidae, and is also known by the names Mediterranean vine mealybug and Grapevine [...] growing on this honeydew. Additionally, the white, waxy secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are [...] inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of

Tomato leafminer

occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves, the larvae only feed on mesophyll tissues, leaving the epidermis intact [...] mine inside the leaf, stem or fruit. In the second to fourth instars they become greenish with a black band behind the head. The prepupae of the tomato leaf [...] place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil

California red scale

t. The females moult into the grey stage, named after the colour of the edges of their shield. Mating occurs at the start of this stage, before the female [...] tissue and sucking the contents of the parenchymal cells. If the infestation is more serious, the leaves present some characteristic yellow dots around [...] symptoms Aonidiella aurantii has been the most significant pest facing many citrus-producing countries across the world. The populations can grow quickly and

Sciarid flies

General Sciarid flies constitute the family of Sciaridae. The species that cause most damage to crops belong to the genera Bradysia and Lycoriella . Lycoriella [...] damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on the roots. The larvae feed mainly on decaying plant material and on algae and fungi present in the soil [...] of Sciarid flies The life cycle of sciarid flies has the following stages: egg, four larval instars, a pupal instar, and the adult. The adult insects are