• Fusarium wilt

  oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other [...] the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick walled mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse [...] instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and during post-harvest storage and enhance wound healing after harvest, depending on the crop Prevent plant

• Citrus mealybug

  greenhouse horticulture, and in the tropics and sub-tropics on outdoor crops. The insect causes damage especially in fruit trees and ornamental crops, particularly [...] also appear in cucumber, melon and aubergine. Damage symptoms Although most species of mealybug feed on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract [...] s. A few species can also transmit harmful viruses. Mealybugs inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant

• False codling moth

  eventually assumes a yellow colour. On ripe fruit this area is orange, but eventually becomes sunken and brown as the damage tissue decays. The mature larvae [...] is found in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean islands, such as Mauritius and Cape [...] pest status is its quarantine status and is not due to the economic losses. Damage and symptoms Larval penetration holes in the fruit can only be found through

• Amazone Plants continues the path of organic cultivation

  main pests are the Western flower thrips , aphids (predominantly peach potato aphids and glasshouse potato aphids), and Duponchelia moths. Amazone Plants [...] products. After all, chemicals put so much strain on the safety of the employees, on the crops, and on the local environment. It has never been a favourite [...] plants in 14 cm pots went to the buyers in 17 cm pots. The company has focused on biological plant protection since it was founded. However, its highly automated

• Bugs

  are found as pests in agricultural crops. Bug damage Phytophagous bugs damage plants by puncturing leaves and growing points with their piercing-sucking [...] Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation, [...] and puncture holes. The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic

• Mediterranean fruit fly

  produce to make fruit unmarketable. Damage caused by larval feeding on the flesh makes the fruit useless. Damaged fruits are often invaded by pathogenic [...] also been recorded from wild hosts belonging to a large number of families. Damage symptoms The oviposition hole is often surrounded by a sunken and discoloured [...] Larvae are up to 8 mm long, translucent white, becoming a dirty cream-white on completion of feeding. They have prominent black mouth hooks. The puparium

• Damping-off

  Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those [...] wounds, where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow [...] ‘damping-off’, hence the name damping-off disease. In slightly older plants, the leaves lose their turgor or the leaf tips turn yellow, for example in flower bulbs

• Amblyseius swirskii

  cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes Make sure the material remains on the introduction site for at least a few hours [...] Amblyseius swirskii preys on several other small organisms such as spider mites and tarsonemid mites. They can also feed on pollen, which is useful for [...] of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves, often in the axil of veins. They are oval, white and are app

• Neoseiulus cucumeris

  distribute Thripex Sprinkle material on leaves or put small heaps on rockwool slabs Make sure the material remains on the introduction site for at least [...] egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves on leaf hairs or in the axils of main and side veins. They are oval [...] Neoseiulus cucumeris preys on several other small organisms such as spider mites and tarsonemid mites. They also feed on pollen, which is useful for instance

• California red scale

  citrus, but also in fig, cotton, mango, banana, avocado, grape, and rose. Damage symptoms Aonidiella aurantii has been the most significant pest facing many [...] across the world. The populations can grow quickly and cause considerable damage, because the saliva that they inject when feeding is very toxic to plant [...] contents of the parenchymal cells. If the infestation is more serious, the leaves present some characteristic yellow dots around each gravid female, which