Citrus thrips

brown when exposed to the sun later in the season. Severe scarring of fruit can occur up to 13 weeks after petal fall, after which the damage appears as [...] food is suboptimal and the weather is colder, the life cycle can be 45 days. Eggs are laid in soft leaf tissues or young fruit and can take 6-24 days to hatch [...] It is the second instar larvae that are responsible for most of the feeding damage, this stage can last 4-6 days. The larva will move towards the shady

Two-spotted spider mite

yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced p [...] loss of the crop. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can get completely covered with such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting [...] to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty

Aphidius colemani

typical of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right [...] Aphidius colemani The parasitic wasp is available in a bottle ( Aphipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains [...] of the aphid population by the presence of the parasitic wasp also has an effect: the alarmed aphids secrete a warning substance, which affects the entire

Whitefly

feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and drop. Such leaf [...] belong to the order Hemiptera (true bugs ). Together with aphids and scale insects, they belong to the division Sternorrhyncha. The whiteflies form the family [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. This can have the following consequences: If the population

Greenhouse whitefly

of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding [...] feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage [...] damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to

California red scale

t. The females moult into the grey stage, named after the colour of the edges of their shield. Mating occurs at the start of this stage, before the female [...] female, which may result in loss of shoots and branches. The fruit can be affected at all stages and may even die. The stem can also be severely infected [...] are spread easily by the wind and birds, as well as by humans and their tools. In the hours after birth, they disperse over the tree in search of a source

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Caterpillars

damage to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all [...] family, the Tortricidae. The name ‘leafroller’ refers to the fact that the caterpillars often live in rolled-up leaves. Although some species are restricted [...] are nocturnal. The caterpillars mostly pupate in the ground. Another family containing several species that damage greenhouse crops is the leafroller family

Tobacco whitefly

tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The original [...] of the larvae stadia remain flattened on the leaf. The fourth larva stadium develops into a yellow, almost circular so called pupa, in which the red eyes [...] wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult

Broad mite

General The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) [...] Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern [...] are severely attacked, the growing tip can be killed, plant growth stops and, in time, the whole plant dies off. Cork tissue can also develop on fruit.