American serpentine leaf miner
its mines join to form small plates. In various other crops one finds intermediate forms of tunnelling between these ‘plate mines’ and normal mines, making [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] tunnelling down into the mesophyll tissue where damage is caused by extensive mines, leaving the outer layers of the leaf intact. Shortly before pupating, the