• Codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  with ash-grey and a large, metallic, bronzy black ocellus on the hind part. The hindwings are brown. The eggs are about 1.3 x 1.0 mm, and whitish opalescent [...] year. The fully grown caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks [...] common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen and is usually

• Sticky plate

  January 1, 1970

  Fold both edges at the base of the triangle inwards. Hang the trap in the appropriate place. How to install the trap: Prepare the desired number of pheromone [...] Sticky plates How to assemble the trap: Fold the delta trap into a triangle. Lay a sticky trap on the bottom of the trap, with the adhesive surface facing upwards [...] traps. Hang the traps about 10 cm above the crop in a location where they can easily be inspected (e.g. along the centre aisle). Distribute the traps as evenly

• Vine mealybug

  January 1, 1970

  pupa and adult. The eggs are golden-yellow in color and are deposited in an cottony egg sac (ovisac) containing from 300-500 eggs. The nymphs are very [...] inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves [...] secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced

• California red scale

  January 1, 1970

  three a day. The crawlers are mobile and very small, so they are spread easily by the wind and birds, as well as by humans and their tools. In the hours after [...] may result in loss of shoots and branches. The fruit can be affected at all stages and may even die. The stem can also be severely infected and appear completely [...] with shields, especially in the case of young citrus. Young trees can suffer greatly and die if the branches are lost. Life cycle and appearance of California

• Tobacco whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  called pupa, in which the red eyes and white wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges [...] tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It has subsequently been found in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The original [...] leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) are mobile, whereas the rest of the larvae stadia remain flattened on the leaf. The fourth

• Cottony soft rot

  January 1, 1970

  containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually [...] mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C [...] mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue

• Long-tailed mealybug

  January 1, 1970

  least the length of the body itself. The length of the other filaments is roughly half the width of the body. The female is 3 - 4 mm long. Reproduction in [...] inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing [...] secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced

• Cucumber

  January 1, 1970

  24 inches long and 10 cm or 3.9 inches in diameter. Cucumbers develop from flowers and their seed develop within the fruit, therefore in botanical terms [...] more particularly in India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant [...] terms they are classified as berries. However, like tomatoes and squash, cucumbers are often regarded, prepared and eaten as vegetables. Cucumbers consist

• Aphidius colemani

  January 1, 1970

  typical of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right [...] Aphidius colemani The parasitic wasp is available in a bottle ( Aphipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains [...] behaviour, which enables the wasps to track down and parasitize aphids , even when they are at low density. The behaviour of the female during egg-laying

• Citrus thrips

  January 1, 1970

  food is suboptimal and the weather is colder, the life cycle can be 45 days. Eggs are laid in soft leaf tissues or young fruit and can take 6-24 days to [...] It is the second instar larvae that are responsible for most of the feeding damage, this stage can last 4-6 days. The larva will move towards the shady [...] most often in narrow crevices created by folds in leaves or under the calyx of a fruit due to their thigmotactic behaviour. Damage around the calyx appears