Two-spotted spider mite

leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle and appearance of Spider mite Two-spotted spider [...] ( Tetranychus urticae ) is a pest of many crops throughout the world. Despite their small size, they are capable of very rapidly doing severe damage, due [...] plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced photosynthesis, increased

False codling moth

top layer of the soil. The moths emerge after a couple of weeks. The life cycle varies between 5 weeks to 3 months depending on the time of year and t [...] penetration by the larvae. Appearance and life cycle of False codling moth Eggs are laid singly on the surface of the fruit and resemble a saucer-shaped dome. [...] in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean islands, such as Mauritius and Cape Verde. False

Litchi moth

occurs on the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and Seychelles. Litchi moth is polyphagous and of economic importance on litchi, and [...] activity is detected by the presence of brown granular excreta on the fruit surface. Appearance and life cycle of Litchi moth The moth lays her eggs singly

Spider mites and other mites

Biological control of spider mites and other mites uses a range of natural enemies that target different developmental stages of the pest: Predatory mites [...] on the leaves affect the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of spider mites Spider mite control videos [...] are capable of causing severe damage very rapidly due to their great reproductive capacity. There are more than 1200 species worldwide, many of them are common

Macadamia nut borer

large fruit, part of the kernel may remain. A larva can consume several small nuts by moving from one fruit to another. This type of damage is small, and [...] and trees are able to compensate for damage because of the large volume of flowers and small nuts produced by macadamia trees early in the season. Fruit [...] penetrated, larvae then feed on the inside of the husk. Damaged nuts are shed by the tree. Appearance and life cycle of Macadamia nut borer The eggs are laid

Oleander scale

symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause [...] photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects [...] shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a greyish, dirty white or yellowy

Green peach aphid

malformations of the growing tips. Life cycle and appearance of green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit

Cotton bollworm

armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) are [...] mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings [...] flowers are attacked, and seed pods may be pierced. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton bollworm Eggs are deposited individually on young shoots near buds

Cotton aphid

therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to

Chrysanthemum

the genus Chrysanthemum of the family of Asteraceae. The plant is originally from Asia and northeastern Europe and the majority of the different species [...] or pompoms or buttons. This particular genus consists of many hybrids and an extensive range of cultivars that are produced for commercial, horticultural [...] purposes. Traditionally, yellow is the main colour of this flowering plant. Nowadays, a wide range of other colours is available such as white, purple and