Caterpillars

damage to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all [...] family, the Tortricidae. The name ‘leafroller’ refers to the fact that the caterpillars often live in rolled-up leaves. Although some species are restricted [...] are nocturnal. The caterpillars mostly pupate in the ground. Another family containing several species that damage greenhouse crops is the leafroller family

Oleander scale

Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting [...] wilting and may reduce the photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often [...] quickly attach themselves to the plant and form a scale. Colonies mainly form on the underside of leaves. After 1 to 2 months, the female reaches adulthood

Cotton bollworm

long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil [...] General The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton [...] 19 mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings

Spider mites and other mites

such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the leaves affect the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental [...] to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty [...] yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced p

Orius laevigatus

and feeding on the soft bodies of their prey. The predatory bug Orius laevigatus is used for the control of the following pests: Thrips The natural enemy [...] and/or in application boxes (Dibox) Apply in groups of at least 50 insects in order to establish a population and encourage mating Make sure the material [...] should always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction as soon as the first thrips are detected in the crop. Introduction rates typically

Macrocheles robustulus

Lyprauta larvae The predatory mites feed on larvae of sciarid flies , thrips pupae and other soil-dwelling insects. The mites appear in and on the soil and at [...] nematodes and other soil living pests, which can be found in high numbers in greenhouses in soil which has been enriched with compost. As natural enemies [...] role in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Macrocheles robustulus for pest control Macrocheles robustulus is used for the control of the following

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

citrus mealybug and the long-tailed mealybug . The predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is used for the control of the following pests: Mealybugs : e.g [...] most effective in controlling large populations of mealybugs. Once the supply of mealybugs becomes inadequate, the ladybirds fly off in search of new prey [...] than 25 second and third instar mealybug nymphs. The larvae of the late third and fourth in stars are the most voracious, consuming up to 30 mealybugs per

Litchi moth

rarely on the leaves. On hatching the larvae feeds on the fruit skin and then tunnels towards the seed. Larvae usually do not pupate in fruit on the tree but [...] extent. Damage and symptoms The newly hatched larva penetrates the litchi fruit and feeds its way through the fruit flesh and into the seed. Such feeding causes [...] detected by the presence of brown granular excreta on the fruit surface. Appearance and life cycle of Litchi moth The moth lays her eggs singly on the fruit

Biological Pest Control

sms , to keep pest populations in check. This approach not only reduces the environmental impact but also minimizes the risk of pesticide resistance, making [...] pest control methods do not harm the environment, ensuring the preservation of ecosystems. Sustainable Biocontrol reduces the need for continuous chemical [...] on biological control focuses on enhancing the presence of natural enemies and beneficial organisms in the environment to maintain a balance between pests

Grow your own vegetable garden

emerging farmer. An increase in the involvement of households in agricultural activities for subsistence farming purposes has the potential to significantly [...] showcase the potential, and discuss the challenges, of starting a home vegetable garden. Using their Summer Home Garden Starter pack and guiding you in the [...] The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations defines food security as “ a condition within which all people have access to adequate and