• Citrus thrips

  last 4-6 days. The larva will move towards the shady area of the tree to pupate, if a suitable site is not found, the larva will drop to the ground to pupate [...] most often in narrow crevices created by folds in leaves or under the calyx of a fruit due to their thigmotactic behaviour. Damage around the calyx appears [...] brown when exposed to the sun later in the season. Severe scarring of fruit can occur up to 13 weeks after petal fall, after which the damage appears as

• Deltatrap

  edges at the base of the triangle upwards Place the Pherodis capsule in the middle of the sticky insert at the bottom of the trap Application Hang the traps [...] dispensers. The dispensers release a species-specific sex pheromone which lures the males of the particular pest into the trap. Once in the trap they get [...] get stuck in the glue and are easy to detect, count and identify. Trapping males also aids in reducing the number of eggs laid by females as they fail to

• Cottony soft rot

  containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually [...] mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C [...] mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue

• Flies

  crops both directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root [...] flies ) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted [...] soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist

• Mediterranean fruit fly

  hatching, the larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit. As each fly lays several eggs in a fruit and different flies may lay eggs in the same fruit, the number [...] black mouth hooks. The puparium is 4-5 mm long, yellowish brown to reddish brown and barrel-shaped. The eggs are laid below the skin of the host fruit. After [...] yellow and the abdomen mainly yellowish orange with 2 silvery crossbands. The wings are clear with black veins and marked with black spots and brownish

• Thrips

  on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. At a later stage, the empty cells become desiccated and the adjacent [...] cause damage to the plant by piercing the cells of the surface tissue and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting [...] turn brown. The vigour of the plant is also reduced by loss of chlorophyll. With a serious infestation the leaves themselves can shrivel, and there can be

• Trial_and_Field_results_nematodes_in_fruit_orchards_EN_-_Koppert.pdf

  halfway and the bucket with the nematodes is injected into the preparation. And finally, we complete the volume of water to correspond with the quantity [...] agriculture and Capirel nematodes helped a lot to control and reduce the pest pressure,’ Michel states. ‘It had a positive effect in the spring and there was [...] others. Using beneficial nematodes in apple Michel Loubejac is a fruit grower in Moissac in the Tarn-etGaronne, region of France. Here he grows organic apples

• Green peach aphid

  different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many growers. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones [...] a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants [...] sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium

• Moskisan

  attracts the male fruit flies into the trap. Once in the trap they cannot escape and are easy to detect, count and identify. Trapping males also aids in reducing [...] reducing the number of eggs laid by famles as they fail to mate. Presentation One trap with hanging hook. Preparation Place the Pherodis lure in the yellow [...] yellow bucket Fix the transparent top to the funnel with a twist action lining up the slots Attach the hanging hook to the transparent top Application Place

• Whitefly

  can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. By sucking plant sap and secreting [...] polyphagous and are broadly comparable in outline. Whitefly damage The larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant [...] consequences: If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight