• Fusarium spp.

  foot and/or root rot of the infected host plant, and the disease may manifest as wilting, stunting and chlorosis or lesions on the stem and/or leaves. Life [...] mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place [...] crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. The following pathogens can be distinguished: Fusarium

• Damping-off

  are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature [...] soil or substrate. Oospores are dispersed when soil particles are moved around by humans or machinery. Pythium can survive very well in the soil or substrate [...] . Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and

• Fusarium wilt

  mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place [...] at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. How to prevent Fusarium wilt Remove or destroy crop residues [...] crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants. Damage symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt,

• Cottony soft rot

  overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with [...] prolonged period of time. The sclerotia germinate directly and form mycelium or produce apothecia (fruiting bodies) containing ascospores. The mycelium infects

• Tomato leafminer

  found outside the leaf mines or fruit. Pupation takes place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines [...] mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil. When pupation occurs inside mines or fruits, the prepupae do not build cocoons. Pupae have [...] to fruit allows fungal diseases to enter, leading to rotting fruit before or after harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth

• Diamond back moth

  xylostella) are initially yellow or pale green and later darken. They are deposited singly or in small groups of two or ten eggs on both the upper and lower [...] back is marked with a broad cream or light brown band along the back, which is sometimes constricted to form one or more light-coloured diamonds, thus [...] (Plutella xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it

• Codling moth

  under loose bark, cracks in trunks or supporting stalks, or other places. Depending on the climate, there are one, two or more generations per year. The fully [...] whitish opalescent when laid. Later, the developing embryo is visible as a red ring. The larvae are up to 20 mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish [...] generation adults appear from mid May onwards. Eggs are laid singly on leaves or developing fruitlets and hatch after 10-14 days. The first instar larvae burrow

• Herbs

  ingredient, natural medicine or fragrances. They often have savory or aromatic characteristics and are used for flavouring dishes or food products. In the culinary [...] between herbs and spices. Herbs are the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant, which can be used fresh or dried. Spices derive from other parts of herbal

• Cannabis

  sativa , C. indica , and C. ruderalis , (APG II system) or one variable species. Medical cannabis (or medical marijuana) refers to the use of cannabis and [...] is an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. The leaves are palmately compound or digitate, with serrate leaflets. Cannabis is an annual plant that has a growth [...] of April – September in outdoor cultivation. Indoor cultivation (hydroponic or soil) is grown on a continuous basis. Cannabis belongs in the family Cannabaceae

• Spider mites and other mites

  of spider mite damage include yellowing or browning of leaves, stippling or mottling of leaves (small white or yellow spots), and webbing on leaves and [...] Aculops cannabicola ) False spider mites (family Tenuipalpidae): Flat mite or Red tea mite ( Brevipalpus phoenicis ) Each species of plant mite has its own [...] millimeter in size, and range in color from pale yellow to green, brown, or red. They have eight legs and are closely related to spiders, but they lack