Leaf miners
mining the leaf tissue which can lead to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such [...] females can also reduce yield, although with the exception of ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be totally [...] of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can be lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends