Beetles

Biological control of beetles Beetles can cause serious damage in many greenhouse and field crops by feeding on leaves, roots, or fruits, leading to reduced [...] others cannot fly at all. Beetle damage Both larvae and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed on growing tips and roots [...] bore into stems, but in other species also feed on leaves. Adult beetles cause damage by feeding on fruits, flower buds and leaves depending on the species

Caterpillars

rs are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces pho [...] chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue. Many species cause damage to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses [...] a single crop, most are polyphagous. Caterpillar damage Caterpillars can cause serious economic damage. Most species feed on leaves and young shoots, and

Cyclamen mite

well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host. Tarsonemids like the cyclamen mite ( [...] slowly. Symptoms vary depending on the host plant and can resemble the damage caused by viruses. Infested leaves are twisted or curled, distorted, brittle and [...] flowers are damaged and leaf growth is inhibited. In hedera, a mite attack can cause baldness in parts of the stem. Gerbera flowers deform and discolour with

Spider mites and other mites

can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf discoloration, reduced photosynthesis and lower yields. Their fast [...] crops throughout the world. Despite their small size, they are capable of causing severe damage very rapidly due to their great reproductive capacity. There [...] greenhouses and many outdoor crops. Spider mite damage Larvae, nymphs and adults cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the

Vine mealybug

Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation [...] in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. The vine mealybug causes direct and indirect damage. If the population is high, whole bunges of grapes [...] infection by Planococcus ficus can make the plants more susceptible to injury caused by other pests and fungal diseases. Life cycle and appearance of Vine mealybug

Western flower thrips

Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue [...] cucumber crops. In many ornamental crops, even very low numbers of thrips can cause damage by transmitting viruses, or by reducing aesthetic value by damaging

Bugs

Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation [...] The most obvious damage is the deformation of growing points. They also cause tissue damage and deformed growth as a result of toxic substances that they

Obscure mealybug

often located on the horizontal part of the stalk. These mealybugs can also cause damage in ornamental crops such as passiflora, pelargonium, and orchids. [...] Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation [...] to render the product unfit for sale. A very small population can thus cause considerable economic damage. Life cycle and appearance of Obscure mealybug

Mediterranean fruit fly

unmarketable. Damage caused by larval feeding on the flesh makes the fruit useless. Damaged fruits are often invaded by pathogenic fungi causing rotting. Life

Plant Disease Management

which are microorganisms that cause diseases in plants. The primary goal of biological control is to reduce the damage caused by these pathogens while minimizing [...] our food production systems. Understanding plant diseases Plant diseases, caused by various pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, can wreak havoc