• Thrips

  fringe of hairs along both edges of the thin wings. There are more than 6,000 known species. Most are harmless, some are predators, and fewer than 20 species [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop [...] thrips control Learn more about What are thrips? Several species of thrips are a major problem in greenhouse horticulture. The Western flower thrips ( Fra

• Caterpillars

  damage to crops. The most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all [...] all lepidopteran families. Most adults of this family are nocturnal. The caterpillars mostly pupate in the ground. Another family containing several species [...] that damage greenhouse crops is the leafroller family, the Tortricidae. The name ‘leafroller’ refers to the fact that the caterpillars often live in rolled-up

• Leaf miners

  lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of [...] miner control Learn more about What are leaf miners? Leaf miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a [...] universal among the Agromyzidae. Of the approximately 2,500 species in this family, only eleven are truly polyphagous. The species that cause most damage all

• Beetles

  mouthparts and mostly feed on the same food as the adults. The pupae do not make a cocoon and will already display many similarities with the adults. The adult [...] beetle control Learn more about What are beetles? Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account [...] solutions: Beneficial nematodes Insect traps Pheromone traps Beneficial nematodes actively seek out and eliminate beetle larvae in the soil, while traps help

• Bugs

  their body when at rest. The wings overlap each other exposing the scutellum, a prominent triangular region of the thorax between the wing bases. This dis [...] crops effectively, reduce pest populations and support sustainable, residue-free production. Solutions for bug control Learn more about What are bugs? [...] usually five nymphal instars and the adult insect. Several species of especially the families Miridae and Pentatomidae are found as pests in agricultural

• Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

  bacteriophora nematodes enter the pest's body through natural openings. Once inside the pest, the nematodes release symbiotic bacteria, typically of the genus [...] ultimately killing the host within a few days. The nematodes then feed and reproduce within the cadaver of the dead host, resulting in the emergence of a new [...] particularly effective against insect pests such as larvae of beetles (including grubs). Heterorhabditis bacteriophora nematodes are usually applied to the soil

• Steinernema carpocapsae

  carpocapsae nematodes penetrate the pest's body through natural openings. Once inside the pest, the nematodes release symbiotic bacteria, typically of the genus [...] ultimately killing the host within a few days. The nematodes then feed and reproduce within the cadaver of the dead host, resulting in the emergence of a new [...] microscopic roundworms are parasitic and are known for their effectiveness in controlling a variety of pests. Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes infect their hosts

• Flies

  conditions. Solutions for fly control Learn more about What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation [...] insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed [...] to crops both directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on

• Anagyrus vladimiri

  for effective control of the mealybugs . Behaviour of the parasitic wasp Anagyrus vladimiri The female Anagyrus vladimiri lays its eggs inside the body [...] ovipositor between the wax filaments on the lateral margins of the host. Oviposition generally lasts about 15-40 seconds. The larva of the parasitic wasp [...] vladimiri is used for the control of the following pests: Citrus mealybug ( Planococcus citri ) Vine mealybug ( Planococcus ficus ) The parasitic wasp Anagyrus

• Knowing & recognizing

  giving you the ability to recognize the pest or disease you are up against by means of detailed illustrations and close-up photographs. The knowledge gained [...] s of the most prevalent pests, diseases and their natural enemies. This book provides the reader with the necessary information to understand the interaction [...] Get the growers’ guide to biological crop protection Knowing and recognizing does exactly what it implies. It empowers you with knowledge about the pest’s