beneficials and pollinators, microbial products such as bacteria and fungi form a third pillar for the sustainable production of plants and crops. Even though
larval or nymph stage. Permipar larvae develop inside the mealybug’s body and form a pupa. The newly hatched Permipar wasp emerges from the pupa and escapes
therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Characteristically, dark sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .)
mouthparts to start feeding, they produce a white, waxy, and cottony cover, forming the typical appearance of the shield after they first moult. A few days
scale insects, they belong to the division Sternorrhyncha. The whiteflies form the family Aleyrodidae. The most common species are the greenhouse whitefly
thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) is the most damaging species. Thrips form the order Thysanoptera, a name that literally means ‘fringed wings’, and
leaving the epidermis intact. Fruits can be attacked as soon as they are formed but the larvae only feed on green fruits. In case of serious infection,
persimilis ) at Koppert more than 50 years ago. From day one this predatory mite formed the foundation of our spider mite control. Over time it grew to be one of
from the mummies of Aphidius species by their less swollen, more elongated form, and their black colour. Adult wasps prefer to walk rather than fly, and