• Aphids

  aphids have two pairs of wings, one of which is much larger than the other. For a large part of the season an aphid population consists of viviparous females [...] types of damage to a crop: Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth [...] and plant residues that can harbor aphids. Regularly remove and dispose of any infested plant material. Monitor your crops regularly Inspect plants for

• Tobacco whitefly

  transmission of viruses, including TYLCV in tomato. The consumption of plant sap and secreting of honeydew by whiteflies reduce the aesthetic value of crops. [...] If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight [...] peppers, yellowing of the flower stalks in gerbera, and serious yellowing of the leaves of French beans. Other symptoms include the appearance of chlorotic patches

• Sciarid flies

  to healthy plants, sciarid flies are particularly problematic in cuttings and other young growing plant material. Damage symptoms The larvae of sciarid flies [...] diseased to healthy plants. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on the roots. The larvae feed mainly on decaying plant material and on [...] little, plant death is generally local. Young plants that are kept humid and well-watered are particularly at risk. Life cycle and appearance of Sciarid

• Leaf miners

  is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of leaf miner. The older [...] Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of plants, creating ‘mines’. There are many species of leaf miner affecting various [...] tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can be lost

• Tobacco thrips

  symptoms of a Thrips parvispinus infestation is crucial for early detection and effective pest management. Deformation of young shoots and leaves One of the [...] the earliest signs of a Thrips parvispinus infestation is the deformation of young shoots and leaves. As these thrips feed on plant tissue, they inject toxins [...] dispersal usually occurs through the movement of infested plant material or wind. Accurate identification of Thrips parvispinus is essential, as they closely

• Two-spotted spider mite

  nymphs and adults cause damage to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck [...] become yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced [...] as little as 30% damage of the leaf surface can lead to loss of the crop. The nymphs and adults also produce webs, and plants can get completely covered

• Broad mite

  by viruses. The typical pattern of damage consists of malformation and distortion of the above-ground growth of the plant. The mites show a preference for [...] indication of an attack of broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ), is the appearance of dark brown edges at the base of young leaves. In case of a mild [...] tips of affected plants acquire a misshapen appearance, with contorted leaves and sporadic brown discolouration caused by cork formation. When plants are

• Mealybugs and scales

  (mealybugs). They suck the sap of plants and are mostly host plant specific. Apart from the damage they cause by sucking plant sap, mealybugs and soft scales [...] pesticides. Mealybug & scale damage Although most species of mealybugs feed on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract their nourishment from roots [...] drop off; plant sap is low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must ingest large quantities of sap, getting

• Tobacco aphid

  and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein [...] are also capable of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach

• Whitefly

  The larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess [...] If the population is very large, feeding on plant sap can affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight [...] productive crops and prevent the spread of diseases. Biological control of whiteflies uses a combination of natural enemies and tools that target different