• Aphelinus abdominalis

  from the mummies of Aphidius species by their less swollen, more elongated form, and their black colour. Adult wasps prefer to walk rather than fly, and

• Fusarium spp.

  become white, due to dehydration, and later turn pinkish-red as spores are formed. Ear infection decreases the baking quality of wheat and brewing qualities

• Caterpillars

  Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. Butterflies and moths form the order Lepidoptera, a very large group with more than 150,000 species

• Cyclamen mite

  cyclamen mite are about half the size of the adult mite. They are oval in form, smooth, transparent and twice as long as they are wide. Both ends are equally

• Parasitic wasps

  host. Pupal stage: After the larvae have consumed the host, they pupate, forming a cocoon or pupal stage within or on the host's body. Emergence: Once the

• Plant Disease Management

  understand how host plants and pathogens interact closely. This knowledge forms the foundation for designing targeted prevention and control strategies.

• Leaf miners

  leaf miners? Leaf miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel

• Encarsia formosa

  pupa of E. formosa is unique among the species of Encarsia , in that it is formed immediately beneath and in contact with the whitefly pupal cuticle, whereas

• Aphidius colemani

  An adult braconid wasp leaves this mummy via a round hole. The colour and form of the mummy do not, however, provide a reliable key to the species of wasp

• Aphidoletes aphidimyza

  Aphidoletes aphidimyza pupate in the top layer of moist soil, where they form an oval silk cocoon constructed from long sticky threads. The cocoons are