Laeveld_Agrochem_GROEI_20_-_Winter_2022.pdf

8. Mvondo-She, M.A.; Gatabazi, A.; Laing, M.D.; Ndhlala, A.R. A Review on the Role of Silicon Treatment in Biotic Stress Mitigation and Citrus Production [...] sugars limited. In the scenario referred to below (April 2022), a mineral leaf sample was taken in a fully producing macadamia orchard and a carbohydrate [...] consider in determining profitability on a farm is the growing condition. What is in the soil? What is in the water? What type and size of irrigation and fertigation

Tobacco thrips

appearing in Spain in 2017, France in 2018, the Netherlands in 2019, and Germany by the end of 2021. The tobacco thrips also reached Florida in 2020 and has [...] India, and other Asian countries, as well as several African nations. In Europe, Thrips parvispinus was first detected in Greece in 1998 as a pest on [...] females are brown, with a head and thorax lighter than the abdomen, and measure about 1 mm in length. Adult males are yellow-orange and much smaller than females

Onion

mostly handled as an annual and harvested at the end of its first production season. Onions are popular and therefore cultivated and used for cooking all around [...] onion, is a vegetable. This particular species is the most extensively produced species of the genus of Allium . The onion plant is usually a biennial or [...] world. Their flesh is pungent when chopped, because it contains particular chemical elements that irritate the eyes.

Aphids

various types of damage to a crop: Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth [...] enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap has a low protein content but is rich in sugars [...] quantities of sap in order to get sufficient protein. As a consequence, the excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky

Damping-off

aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium [...] cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore

Citrus thrips

described from various localities in South Africa and is indigenous. It occurs throughout Southern Africa, East Africa, Egypt and Yemen. Citrus thrips can survive [...] particularly attracted to those with aromatic oils and terpenoids. Damage and symptoms Citrus thrips larvae and adults feed on young leaves or fruit. They cannot [...] mature, hard foliage. They feed most often in narrow crevices created by folds in leaves or under the calyx of a fruit due to their thigmotactic behaviour

Knowing & recognizing

characteristics. Koppert - A knowledge company The use of biological control is not a simple process, it has become a complex system in which many aspects need [...] revised in 2003, the latest edition comprises 443 pages, 700 photographs, and dozens of illustrations of the most prevalent pests, diseases and their natural [...] n between pests, diseases and their natural enemies. It explains how they spread in the crop, the damage they can cause, and specific behavioural char

Effect of Nezapar Leaflet

host eggs and lay 1 egg per host egg. Larvae develop inside the host eggs, and after pupation they emerge from the host egg by biting a hole in the lid of [...] stink bugs could only be treated with highly disruptive chemical agents leaving growers to make a difficult choice; the labour-intensive manual squeezing [...] systems that are present in their crop as well as excluding any risk of resistance. Viable commercial quantities The parasitic wasps and their capacity to parasitize

Pretiobug

eggs, adult females use chemical and visual signals, such as egg shape and colour.Adult Trichogramma pretiosum lay their eggs in the Lepidopteran eggs.After [...] from the pupae and escape the Lepidopteran egg by chewing a circular hole in the eggshell. Visual effect The black layer inside the chorion and the exit hole [...] directly in crop by cards or loose material.Apply in shade or under canopy. Can use by high temperature(>32˚C//90˚F). Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized

Encarsia formosa

presence in greenhouses and other controlled environments helps maintain balance and reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides. Life cycle and appearance [...] is approximately 0.6 mm long, with a head that is dark brown to black in colour, a dark brown to black thorax, and a yellow abdomen. The male is entirely [...] transparent to brown in colour. The pupa of E. formosa is unique among the species of Encarsia , in that it is formed immediately beneath and in contact with the