Aphids

very large group of insects: the super- family Aphidoidea, belonging to the order Hemiptera . The aphids discussed here all belong to the family Aphididae [...] large quantities of sap in order to get sufficient protein. As a consequence, the excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its [...] and flowers by piercing the plant tissue and sucking out the sap. This can result in stunted growth, curling or distortion of the leaves, yellowing, or

Macadamia nut borer

dark spots on the body and the head capsule is brown. The pupa is dark brown and (if pupation takes place in the soil) encased in a cocoon of soil particles [...] hardening is caused by the larvae which bore into the fruit. In small nuts the entire kernel is eaten, whereas in large fruit, part of the kernel may remain [...] early in the season. Fruit with hardened shells cannot be penetrated, larvae then feed on the inside of the husk. Damaged nuts are shed by the tree. Solution

Western flower thrips

finally the adult insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks [...] disturbed. In the adults both pairs of wings are fully developed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop

False codling moth

fruit and drops to the ground where it pupates in the top layer of the soil. The moths emerge after a couple of weeks. The life cycle varies between 5 weeks [...] and brown as the damage tissue decays. The mature larvae enlarge the hole to leave the fruit and pupate. Excreta can be found within the larvae tunnels [...] moth Eggs are laid singly on the surface of the fruit and resemble a saucer-shaped dome. After a few days the eggs hatch and the neonate larvae finds a suitable

Green peach aphid

colour. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky

Cotton aphid

including the cucumber mosaic virus. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s [...] to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky [...] distinguished from other aphids by the colour of the two cornicles (siphunculi). These cornicles are always black, whatever the body colour, which can vary widely

Litchi moth

Appearance and life cycle of Litchi moth The moth lays her eggs singly on the fruit, rarely on the leaves. On hatching the larvae feeds on the fruit skin and then [...] tunnels towards the seed. Larvae usually do not pupate in fruit on the tree but leave the fruit to pupate in the soil. Damage and symptoms The newly hatched [...] by the presence of brown granular excreta on the fruit surface. Solution Finder Find solutions for your crop Damage and symptoms How to get rid of Litchi

Mediterranean fruit fly

hatching, the larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit. As each fly lays several eggs in a fruit and different flies may lay eggs in the same fruit, the number [...] black mouth hooks. The puparium is 4-5 mm long, yellowish brown to reddish brown and barrel-shaped. The eggs are laid below the skin of the host fruit. After [...] range of unrelated fruits, in fact, practically all the tree fruit crops. It has also been recorded from wild hosts belonging to a large number of families

Cotton bollworm

General The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton [...] and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings in both sexes [...] long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil

Sciarid flies

appearance of Sciarid flies The life cycle of sciarid flies has the following stages: egg, four larval instars, a pupal instar, and the adult. The adult insects [...] hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior end of the pupa remains mobile. Damage symptoms The larvae of sciarid [...] damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on the roots. The larvae feed mainly on decaying plant material and on algae and fungi present in the soil