American serpentine leaf miner

leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) eats its way outwards from its egg, so that its mines join [...] gypsophila, celery, sweet pepper, pea, bean and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread [...] exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning

Aphelinus abdominalis

slabs or in application boxes (Dibox) Make sure the material remains dry and at its introduction site for a few days The dosage of Aphilin depends on climate [...] available in a bottle ( Aphilin ). Release mummies near infested plants, because Aphelinus abdominalis is not very mobile Spread material on rock wool [...] will examine it briefly with the tips of the antennae. She turns herself around, curls up the wing tips, and will try to pierce the aphid in the abdomen

Macadamia nut borer

province in South Africa. Macadamia is the major host of this moth, it has not been linked to any other crop or indigenous host in South Africa. It is a [...] grey in colour with dark spots on the body and the head capsule is brown. The pupa is dark brown and (if pupation takes place in the soil) encased in a cocoon [...] The eggs are laid singly on young fruit and are flat and oval with a pitted surface. Females can lay between 170 – 300 eggs in their lifetime. The eggs

Aphidius matricariae

available in a bottle ( Aphipar-M ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved from its introduction [...] crucial role in controlling aphid infestations and reducing the need for chemical interventions in agriculture. Adult wasps do not engage in feeding on aphids [...] and is widely recognized for its role in biological pest control of aphids . This small wasp is a valuable natural enemy in both agricultural and horticultural

Mealybugs and scales

because of the sooty mould that grows on it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew. In fact, the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign [...] mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value. Armoured [...] fruit are concerned, these often drop off; plant sap is low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must

Tomato leafminer

family of Gelechiidae . It is oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae species . The main host is tomato but it also feeds on other solanaceous crop plants [...] surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil. When pupation occurs inside [...] colouration on the dorsal surface. Caterpillars can temporarily be found outside the leaf mines or fruit. Pupation takes place in the soil or on the surface

Fall Armyworm

indigenous throughout the Americas. Recently, it has been found in Africa too. The caterpillars of fall armyworms feed on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts [...] eggs in clusters of 150-200 and can lay up to 2000 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs are white, pinkish or light green and spherical, and are usually laid on the [...] vary in colour from light tan to green to black. They have a distinct white inverted Y-shaped mark on the front of the head and four large spots on the

Green peach aphid

excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating [...] important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its winter-hardy host plant [...] great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately start to feed on plant sap and grow

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Lettuce

family, Asteraceae. It is a hardy annual that is easy to cultivate and most often grown for its leaves. It is, however, often plagued on by a number of insect