False codling moth

is its quarantine status and is not due to the economic losses. Damage and symptoms Larval penetration holes in the fruit can only be found through thorough [...] native to sub-Saharan Africa and is found in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean islands [...] islands, such as Mauritius and Cape Verde. False codling moth was previously known as Cryptophlebia leucotreta . The reason for this pest’s high pest status is

Leafhoppers

discoloration, stippling and leaf curling. Their feeding reduces photosynthesis, weakens plant growth and can lead to reduced yield and lower crop quality. [...] disease spread within greenhouse and field crops. Effective leafhopper control is therefore essential to maintain healthy and productive cultivation. By combining [...] while preserving natural balance, ensuring consistent quality and optimal yield. Solutions for leafhopper control

Psyllids

Cottony cushion scale

spp ., Casuarina spp . and Pittosporum spp ., but it can damage many types of fruit and forest trees, and ornamental shrubs and trees. Damage is mostly [...] blocking the stomata and impeding gas exchange. Sooty moulds grow on the honeydew, blocking the light from the leaves and reducing photosynthesis. Also [...] attended by ants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony cushion scale As with all scale insects, the females do not have wings and look similar to the immature

Codling moth

mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish white, with a brown head and a pale anal plate. The pupa is 8-10 mm long and yellowish brown to dark brown [...] pomonella ) is a notorious, worldwide pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms [...] the skin. The entry hole can be seen and is usually plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh

Oleander scale

scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting and may reduce the photosynthetic area of the [...] infestation can lead to yellowing, leaf and shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander [...] belongs to the Coccoidea and has an almost worldwide distribution. Host plants include olive, apple, mango, palms, oleander and citrus. Damage symptoms

Fall Armyworm

eggs in clusters of 150-200 and can lay up to 2000 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs are white, pinkish or light green and spherical, and are usually laid on the underside [...] leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 100 plant species causing major damage to cultivated grasses, such as maize, rice, sorghum and sugarcane [...] potato and cotton. Fall armyworm moths generally disperse in a radius of about 500 km (300 miles) before oviposition, which is sufficient for them to

Mediterranean fruit fly

yellow and the abdomen mainly yellowish orange with 2 silvery crossbands. The wings are clear with black veins and marked with black spots and brownish [...] After about 6-11 days, they are fully developed and leave the fruit to pupate in the soil. C. capitata does not survive sub-zero winter temperatures.It is well [...] fly ( Ceratitis capitata ) is widespread in Africa, the Mediterranean basin and South America. Ceratitis capitata is a highly polyphagous species whose larvae

Diamond back moth

flower buds, flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods and seeds. Life cycle and appearance of Diamond back moth The oval and flattened eggs of the [...] cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered to be the most universally distributed lepidopteran species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can [...] chlorophyll-rich green areas of stems and pods causing whitening of the crop. Heavily damaged plants appear stunted and will, in most cases, die. On rapeseed

Tomato leafminer

mines or fruits, the prepupae do not build cocoons. Pupae have a greenish coloration at first, and then turn chestnut and dark brown shortly before adult [...] including potato, eggplant, capsicum pepper and tobacco as well as weeds such as Datura stramonium, Lycium chilense , and Solanum nigrum. Damage symptoms The most [...] the leaves. Caterpillars prefer leaves and stems, but they may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves