• Understanding the importance of scouting for successful IPM in Macadamia Orchards

  September 26, 2024

  for successful IPM in Macadamia Orchards When it comes to building a successful IPM strategy for macadamia farming, knowledge truly is power. Crop scouting [...] scouting holds immense importance in modern agriculture due to its instrumental role in optimizing crop management, increasing yields, and ensuring sustainable [...] control within an IPM framework ensures a holistic approach to pest management. Key beneficial organisms targeting pests in macadamia orchards are: Koppert’s

• Cottony cushion scale

  countries of the world. It is also periodically discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but is not generally a pest in these situations. Damage symptoms [...] cushion scale, Icerya purchasi , is considered to have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about 1868 and devastated the [...] the citrus industry there until a natural enemy from Australia was introduced in 1888. This was the first ever example of successful classical biological

• Amazone Plants continues the path of organic cultivation

  netting at a good rate over a longer period. This means that there is always a strong population in the greenhouse crop and control of the thrips is maintained [...] sprays a product of natural origin, such as Mycotal, twice a year, in the spring and in the autumn. Wim van der Meer explains, ‘Koppert is involved in a trial [...] store a proportion of the growing plants. In the end, everything more or less turned out fine – the plants in 12 cm pots were sold in 14 cm pots in the summer

• Beetles

  food as the adults. The pupae do not make a cocoon and will already display many similarities with the adults. The adult beetles usually possess a pair of [...] Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or [...] metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must pass through a pupal instar before reaching the adult stage. Larvae have biting

• Broad mite

  brown stripes forming a fine network on the leaves. In case of a more serious infestation, this network becomes so dense that there is no more green tissue [...] rsonemus latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) has a wide range of host plants [...] egg, larva, and adult. The larvae have three pairs of legs, adults possess four pairs. The last pair of legs in both males and females is different to the

• Oleander scale

  appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a greyish, dirty white or yellowy colour, round in shape, with a scale whose apex is off-centred. This scale [...] 30-175 offspring during her lifespan. At 30°C, there is a large reduction in fertility and high mortality in crawlers. [...] Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects market value. In olives this is seen as green spots on

• Diglyphus isaea

  from the mine. This is also seen in the pillars that remain visible as black spots in the leaf. The adult is metallic green to black in colour and unlike [...] wasp Diglyphus isaea is available in a bottle ( Miglyphus ). Release parasitic wasps between the leaves of the crop in the morning or in the evening The dosage [...] Diglyphus isaea is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae within the order Hymenoptera . It is widely recognized for its role as a biological

• Flies

  and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although [...] are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North [...] Biological control of flies Flies are a common pest problem in greenhouse and field crops, where they disturb plant growth, spread diseases and affect

• Two-spotted spider mite

  stages: egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult. In the larval and nymphal stages, an active period and a resting period of roughly equal duration can [...] General Two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is a pest of many crops throughout the world. Despite their small size, they are capable of very [...] capacity. There are more than 1200 species worldwide and many of them are major crop pests. The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is by far

• Citrus mealybug

  effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order [...] yellow to pink body is visible through its waxy covering. There is often a darker longitudinal stripe running over the body. The adult males are short lived [...] filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females and as soon as a male emerges from its cocoon, it goes in search of a female. A fertilized female lays