• Obscure mealybug

  seeking females to fertilize. The female second instar nymphs, on the other hand, settle on the leaf and begin to secrete wax, moulting to a third instar [...] order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew [...] parts of the world with a temperate climate. It has a very similar appearance to the citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) , but its body is covered with a thicker

• Fusarium spp.

  Infected glumes and kernels become white, due to dehydration, and later turn pinkish-red as spores are formed. Ear infection decreases the baking quality [...] ia), which are transported upwards. At the same time, the plant produces gum as a defence mechanism to stop the fungus from spreading. This gum blocks [...] of which DON (deoxynivalenol) is the best-known. The mycotoxins are toxic to mammals so maximum levels have been determined. Fusarium sambucinum (a.k.a

• American serpentine leaf miner

  outwards from its egg, so that its mines join to form small plates. In various other crops one finds intermediate forms of tunnelling between these ‘plate mines’ [...] miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature [...] hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are entirely ochre-yellow. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat

• Aphidius colemani

  causing aphids to drop from the leaf and fall to the ground. Although many aphids die as a result, many will survive and migrate to other plants to begin new [...] a cocoon inside the aphid cuticle, causing it to swell. The cuticle turns from a hard, leathery brown to a golden yellow casing, known as a mummy. Parasitized [...] temperature. Four to six days later the new wasps will emerge. An adult braconid wasp leaves this mummy via a round hole. The colour and form of the mummy do

• The How and Why of IPM

  June 7, 2022

  and App ! To ultimately have a holistic approach to IPM and continue to strengthen and protect the population of natural enemies, you must work to have sufficient [...] also to continuously monitor how both aspects develop in your crop - monitoring is crucial . Early detection of pests and diseases leads to timely action [...] above. You also need to consider your choice of crop variety. Crop varieties can differ significantly in their susceptibility to pests and diseases. And

• Aphidoletes aphidimyza

  size of the aphids, and the aphid species. The time required to consume an aphid can vary from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the age and nutritional [...] adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction as soon as the first aphids are detected in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 1-10 per [...] As gall-midges are active at night, it is crucial to keep the night temperature above 12°C/61°F, to ensure optimal conditions for oviposition. Apply A

• Plant Health

  through complete compounds The degree of plant resilience is linked to its ability to form structurally complete compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, [...] contributes to minimal susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. Stored energy, lipids, and secondary metabolites Surplus photosynthetic energy leads to the storage [...] storage of lipids, essential for forming plant secondary metabolites (PSM). Elevated lipid levels contribute to stress tolerance, protecting plants from

• Broad mite

  emus latus) are not a serious problem, as they are unable to overwinter. Mites belonging to the family of tarsonemids ( Tarsonemidae ) display a greater [...] mainly concentrated on the underside near the leaf stalk, which tends to cause the leaf to turn brown and curl up. A typical indication of an attack of broad [...] of legs in both males and females is different to the others and not used for walking. After moulting to the third larval stage the larvae stay in their

• Mealybugs and scales

  leads to sooty mould. Infestations reduce plant vigor, fruit quality and overall yield. Effective control of mealybugs and scales is essential to maintain [...] armoured scales (family Diaspididae) form three important families within the superfamily Coccoidea. This superfamily belongs to the order Hemiptera (the true [...] In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew

• Predatory mites

  translucent to deep red or brown. The colour of predatory mites can vary according to the prey eaten. If the food supply has been absent for some time, they [...] well-known around the world. Our dedication and commitment to develop methods that enable growers to effectively introduce these solutions into their crops [...] Predatory mites have a remarkable ability to locate and prey upon specific pest species, minimizing damage to non-target organisms. Resilient pest management: