• Macadamia nut borer

  January 1, 1970

  into the young fruit. The larvae are cream to grey in colour with dark spots on the body and the head capsule is brown. The pupa is dark brown and (if pupation [...] export. Damage and symptoms Damage before shell hardening is caused by the larvae which bore into the fruit. In small nuts the entire kernel is eaten, whereas [...] takes place in the soil) encased in a cocoon of soil particles. There is no cocoon if pupation takes place in the fruit. The moth is small and grey with indistinct

• Greenhouse whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  rods. This is called the pupa stadium and these pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result [...] result of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding

• Tobacco whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) [...] which the red eyes and white wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result

• Diamond back moth

  January 1, 1970

  quite small and active. Except for the first instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back [...] may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is pinkish-white to pinkish-yellow and changes to brown before adult emergence. The adult of the diamond back [...] one-third of the forewing is ochreous-white, with a nearly white upper edge. In females, the upper two-thirds of the forewings are light ochreous and the markings

• Vine mealybug

  January 1, 1970

  from the pupa. The male is smaller (1 mm), dark orange in color with long tail filaments and transparent wings and has no mouthparts. The female is larger [...] General The vine mealybug Planococcus ficus belongs to the family Pseudococcidae, and is also known by the names Mediterranean vine mealybug and Grapevine [...] inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves

• Tomato

  January 1, 1970

  About The tomato plant ( Solanum lycopersicum) belongs to the nightshade family of Solanaceae . The tomato is the edible fruit of this plant. The plant [...] plant is native to Central and South America and the tropical highlands. Tomato plants usually grow to a height of between 1-3 metres (or 3-10 feet). Their [...] Their stem is not so strong, so if not supported (like in a greenhouse) the stem often extends over the ground. Indeterminate tomato types are so-called ‘tender’

• Long-tailed mealybug

  January 1, 1970

  inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing [...] defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars [...] mealybug The long-tailed mealy bug is easily recognized by the long, posterior tail filaments, which are at least the length of the body itself. The length

• Tobacco thrips

  January 1, 1970

  damage on fruit. The feeding activity of the thrips often leaves scars and blemishes on the fruit surface, which reduces the fruit's quality and marketability [...] prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals, and the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue [...] known as tobacco thrips, is an insect native to tropical Asia and is widely distributed from East Asia, Northern Australia, and the Solomon Islands. In recent

• Codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  seen and is usually plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass. [...] The entry point is then greatly enlarged as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits usually ripen prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and [...] It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen

• False codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  inside the fruit. Once the final instar (fifth) is ready to pupate, it exist the fruit and drops to the ground where it pupates in the top layer of the soil [...] as the damage tissue decays. The mature larvae enlarge the hole to leave the fruit and pupate. Excreta can be found within the larvae tunnels in the fruit [...] leucotreta ) is native to sub-Saharan Africa and is found in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlantic