Fusarium spp.

(FSSC) are capable of causing disease in many agriculturally important crops Damage symptoms of Fusarium spp. Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot [...] post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum ( Fusarium wilt ) is the species that causes vascular wilt. Initially, the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one [...] graminearum/Gibberella zeae (Fusarium head blight or scab) (anamorph/teleomorph) causes seedling damping-off . On the foot of the stem, brown discolouration occurs

Flies

Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted orchids. The Spotted Wing Drosophila has recently invaded Europe and the Americas where it is causing serious damage [...] in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage or nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae [...] and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although they cause little direct damage to plants, they are often a problem due to their large

Leaf miners

miners Leaf miner damage Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue [...] , the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and so cause few problems. However, the use of chemical insecticides kills these natural [...] the biological control of other crop pests. The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed

Broad mite

crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern [...] well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host. Tarsonemids like the broad mite ( Pol [...] tissue, like the growing tips, young leaves and flower buds. The mechanism causing the deformation is not yet fully understood, possibly the mites, whilst

Thrips

Thrips damage Thrips cause damage to the plant by piercing the cells of the surface tissue and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue [...] species. Most are harmless, some are predators, and fewer than 20 species can cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 [...] temperate regions they are not larger than 2.5 mm. All thrips species that cause damage in green-houses belong to the family Thripidae. Find solutions for

Mealybugs and scales

A very small population can thus cause considerable loss of value. Soft scales feed mostly on leaves and twigs, causing discolouration of foliage, stunting [...] of plants and are mostly host plant specific. Apart from the damage they cause by sucking plant sap, mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on [...] nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and/or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation

Fusarium wilt

only infect wounded or stressed host plants. Damage symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head [...] blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side [...] of crops. Even within one crop, different formae speciales may occur and cause different symptoms. Fusarium oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually

American serpentine leaf miner

world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue [...] young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf miner [...] the identification of the species. Indirect damage arises when disease causing fungi or bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle

Olive

oleaginum and the bacteria Xylella fastidiosa cause damage to the olive tree. Xylella fastidiosa causes the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS).

Sciarid flies

General Sciarid flies constitute the family of Sciaridae. The species that cause most damage to crops belong to the genera Bradysia and Lycoriella . Lycoriella [...] species are mainly found in commercial mushroom cultivation where they can cause enormous damage. Sciarid flies are usually found in damp, humid environments [...] and non-pathogenic micro-organisms for oviposition. Indirect damage is caused by the larvae and adults transferring fungal diseases, such as Fusarium