• Oleander scale

  lead to yellowing, leaf and shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a

• Cottony soft rot

  leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection often leads to premature wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root

• Beneficial microorganisms

  fungus proliferates, causing internal damage. This can lead to the insect's death. Spore production: As the insect succumbs to the fungal infection, the fungus

• Tobacco aphid

  deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap

• Cotton aphid

  deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap

• Sciarid flies

  for various pathogenic fungi. Because the larvae move very little, plant death is generally local. Young plants that are kept humid and well-watered are

• Green peach aphid

  deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap

• Parasitic wasps

  pest. They consume the host from the inside, which ultimately leads to the death of the host. Pupal stage: After the larvae have consumed the host, they pupate

• Anagyrus vladimiri

  wasps have a constant and protected food source, eventually leading to the death of the host. Anagyrus vladimiri also engages in host feeding, where the adult

• Encarsia formosa

  larvae. The larvae feed on the internal tissues of the host, leading to its death and thereby contributing to the reduction of whitefly numbers. Encarsia formosa