Codling moth

ly of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity [...] later pale pinkish white, with a brown head and a pale anal plate. The pupa is 8-10 mm long and yellowish brown to dark brown, with several hook-tipped bristles [...] point is then greatly enlarged as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits usually ripen prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Codling

Whitefly

deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) is encouraged. Such fruit is unsaleable [...] not true flies , but belong to the order Hemiptera (true bugs ). Together with aphids and scale insects, they belong to the division Sternorrhyncha. The [...] contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. This can have the following co

La Hacienda Fresh increases crop profitability thanks to biological control

agronomic management can be seen. Good management not only results in quality fruit with longer shelf life, but also in the number of productive weeks and, therefore [...] the quantity and quality of its fruits and the time in which they can be produced and harvested, the price of the fruit in the market and the production [...] recent years, our country has been the main exporter of peppers with a 29% share globally, with the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom being the main

Oleander scale

leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects market value. In olives this [...] yellowy colour, round in shape, with a scale whose apex is off-centred. This scale resembles a miniature fried egg with a diameter of 2 mm. The newly hatched [...] can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting and may

Strawberry

strawberry is a so-called aggregate accessory fruit. This means that the fleshy, edible part of the fruit does not develop from the plant’s ovaries, but [...] or Fragaria x ananassa , is nowadays extensively cultivated for its tasty fruit. The particular species of strawberry is a well-known hybrid species of the [...] visible on the strawberry’s skin, are in reality the ovaries of the flower with a seed inside.

Pear

cultivated for its fruit. The tree grows small, white flowers (about 2.5 cm or 1 inch in diameter) and produces a pyriform, fleshy fruit. Pear trees can grow [...] belongs to the family of Rosaceae and sub family of Pomoideae , together with the apple and quince. The genus Pyrus consists of around 22 species, which [...] grow as tall as 9 metres and are able to produce fruit for around 20 years.

Citrus thrips

attracted to those with aromatic oils and terpenoids. Damage and symptoms Citrus thrips larvae and adults feed on young leaves or fruit. They cannot survive [...] under the calyx of a fruit due to their thigmotactic behaviour. Damage around the calyx appears as silver white blemished areas when fruit is small, which may [...] of fruit can occur up to 13 weeks after petal fall, after which the damage appears as scribbling and finally as stippling or russet in mature fruit. Young

Cottony soft rot

They can easily be seen with the naked eye and look like rat droppings. The symptoms may occur on stems but also on leaves, fruits and pods. Root infection [...] or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. Germination and infection mostly take place [...] The sclerotia germinate directly and form mycelium or produce apothecia (fruiting bodies) containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the

Avocado

South Central Mexico. Its nick name points to its fruit which is botanically speaking a large berry with only one seed. The berry is green-skinned and fleshy [...] of Lauraceae . Commercially speaking, avocados are very valuable and the fruit is produced in tropical and Mediterranean regions. Avocados ripen only after

Tobacco thrips

leading to reduced yields. Scarring on fruit Thrips parvispinus can also inflict significant damage on fruit. The feeding activity of the thrips often [...] often leaves scars and blemishes on the fruit surface, which reduces the fruit's quality and marketability. Additionally, these scars can serve as entry points [...] transparent white or yellowish to orange-yellow, with a large head and bright red eyes. Adult females are brown, with the head and thorax lighter in color than