• Oleander scale

  Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting [...] wilting and may reduce the photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often [...] deformity of fruits affects market value. In olives this is seen as green spots on purple fruits. Damage to foliage is particularly important in ornamentals

• Trichoderma harzianum

  manganese and iron available for the plant to take up. Advantages of Trichoderma harzianum The usage of Trichoderma harzianum T-22 in sustainable agriculture and [...] when the plant is under stress and/or cultivated under less than optimum growing conditions. Trianum-G also reinforces the defence mechanism of the parts [...] parts of the plant above ground, the so-called induced systemic resistance (ISR). Trianum-G has the capacity to make certain 'fixed' nutrients such as manganese

• Vine mealybug

  but low in proteins. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess [...] secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced [...] sugars in the form of honeydew. Characteristically, dark sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .) are often found growing on this honeydew. Additionally, the white

• Macadamia nut borer

  dark spots on the body and the head capsule is brown. The pupa is dark brown and (if pupation takes place in the soil) encased in a cocoon of soil particles [...] hardening is caused by the larvae which bore into the fruit. In small nuts the entire kernel is eaten, whereas in large fruit, part of the kernel may remain [...] trees early in the season. Fruit with hardened shells cannot be penetrated, larvae then feed on the inside of the husk. Damaged nuts are shed by the tree.

• Cotton bollworm

  General The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton [...] 19 mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings [...] long. The first instars are the most mobile, and move like loopers. The caterpillars are often aggressive and cannibalistic. Pupation occurs in the soil

• Codling moth

  caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks in apple boxes or [...] It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen [...] plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass. The entry point is then

• Tobacco aphid

  crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses [...] to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky [...] brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body. The antennae are 0.7-1.0 times the body length, reaching to the siphunculi

• Green peach aphid

  to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation

• Citripar

  make a hole in the sticker on the lid. Use the label to hang the tube in the crop following the instructions on the label itself. Hang the tube on a place [...] develop in the mummified skin of the host and look like swollen mealybug larvae. Empty pupae have an irregular exit hole at the posterior end of the mummy [...] place out of direct sunlight. Leave tubes in the crop for at least two weeks. Carry out adequate ant control. Dosage The dosage of Citripar depends on climate

• Nutari

  cucumeris , Transeius montdorensis ) in the beginning of the season and at low prey densities. Mode of action When density of the target pest is low and there [...] available in the crop Nutari can be provided as alternative food source for predatory mites . This will ensure a standing army of predatory mites in the crop [...] applied by sprinkling on the leaves by hand or with an Air(o)bug Large heaps of carrier material may cause leaf damage, so make sure the material is distributed