• Thrips

  Biological control of thrips Thrips are among the most challenging pests in greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding and virus transmission cause leaf deformation, silvering and fruit damage, leading to reduced yield and marketability. Because they reproduce quickly and hide deep within flowers and leaves, effective thrips control requires an integrated biological approach. Biological control of thrips combines several complementary solutions that

• Leaf miners

  Biological control of leaf miners Leaf miners are damaging pests that tunnel through leaves, reducing photosynthesis and weakening plant growth. Their feeding patterns cause visible leaf damage, lower crop quality and can open the way for secondary infections. Effective leaf miner control is essential to protect plant vitality and maintain marketable yields. Biological control of leaf miners combines effective natural enemies and monitoring tools to

• Whitefly

  Biological control of whitefly Whiteflies are common pests in greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their feeding weakens plants, causes leaf yellowing and leads to honeydew deposits that reduce crop quality. Effective whitefly control is essential to maintain healthy, productive crops and prevent the spread of diseases. Biological control of whiteflies uses a combination of natural enemies and tools

• Caterpillars

  Biological control of caterpillars Caterpillars are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces photosynthesis, weakens plants and directly affects yield and quality. Effective caterpillar control is therefore essential for maintaining healthy and productive crops. Biological control of caterpillars combines monitoring and control strategies that target

• Flies

  Biological control of flies Flies are a common pest problem in greenhouse and field crops, where they disturb plant growth, spread diseases and affect crop hygiene. Their larvae can damage roots and growing media, while adults can cause contamination. Effective fly control is essential to maintain healthy and high-quality crops. Biological control of flies combines targeted monitoring and natural enemies that reduce both larval and adult populations

• Aphids

  Biological control of aphids Aphids are among the most harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential for maintaining healthy, productive crops. Biological control of aphids uses a combination of natural enemies that attack aphids in different ways: Parasitic wasps Predatory gall midges Ladybirds Lacewings These beneficial insects target aphid populations and

• Tobacco aphid

  General The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) probably evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses, such as sweet pepper , aubergine, chrysanthemum , and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults extract

• Cottony cushion scale

  General The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi , is considered to have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about 1868 and devastated the citrus industry there until a natural enemy from Australia was introduced in 1888. This was the first ever example of successful classical biological control. The cottony cushion scale has subsequently spread widely through most of the tropical and subtropical countries

• Codling moth

  General The codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ) is a notorious, worldwide pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen and is usually plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass

• Oleander scale

  General Aspidiotus nerii , the oleander scale or white scale belongs to the Coccoidea and has an almost worldwide distribution. Host plants include olive, apple, mango, palms, oleander and citrus. Damage symptoms Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting and may reduce the photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield