• Leaf miners

  damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting [...] the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of leaf miner. The older larvae make wider tunnels. Feeding spots made by [...] There are many species of leaf miner affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are p

• Broad mite

  s latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) has a wide range of host plants, especially [...] caused by viruses. The typical pattern of damage consists of malformation and distortion of the above-ground growth of the plant. The mites show a preference [...] brown and curl up. A typical indication of an attack of broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ), is the appearance of dark brown edges at the base of young

• Citrus thrips

  Collection). Appearance and life cycle of Citrus thrips When food availability is optimal, the life cycle lasts 20 days during October and November. When food [...] food is suboptimal and the weather is colder, the life cycle can be 45 days. Eggs are laid in soft leaf tissues or young fruit and can take 6-24 days to [...] to those with aromatic oils and terpenoids. Damage and symptoms Citrus thrips larvae and adults feed on young leaves or fruit. They cannot survive on mature

• False codling moth

  larvae tunnels in the fruit. An infested fruit usually falls from the tree 3-5 weeks after penetration by the larvae. Appearance and life cycle of False codling [...] native to sub-Saharan Africa and is found in all citrus production areas in Southern Africa. It also occurs on some of the Indian and Atlantic Ocean islands [...] is its quarantine status and is not due to the economic losses. Damage and symptoms Larval penetration holes in the fruit can only be found through thorough

• Moskisan

  the male fruit flies into the trap. Once in the trap they cannot escape and are easy to detect, count and identify. Trapping males also aids in reducing [...] Moskisan trap for monitoring and trapping Mediterranean fruit fly in combination with species-specific lure. Pests Mediterranean fruit fly ( Ceratitis capitata [...] capitata ). Crops Various fruits, coffee. Mode of action The Moskisan trap needs to be used in combination with Pherodis lure dispensers. The dispensers release

• Litchi moth

  presence of brown granular excreta on the fruit surface. Appearance and life cycle of Litchi moth The moth lays her eggs singly on the fruit, rarely on [...] feeds on the fruit skin and then tunnels towards the seed. Larvae usually do not pupate in fruit on the tree but leave the fruit to pupate in the soil. [...] Southern Africa and also occurs on the Indian Ocean islands of Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and Seychelles. Litchi moth is polyphagous and of economic importance

• Tomato leafminer

  mines in the leaves. Caterpillars prefer leaves and stems, but they may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself [...] malformations. Damage to fruit allows fungal diseases to enter, leading to rotting fruit before or after harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer [...] place in the soil or on the surface of a leaf, in a curled leaf or in a mine. If they leave the mines they build silk cocoons on the leaflets or in the soil

• Cotton bollworm

  The fruits stop growing, mature rapidly, and drop off. In legumes, flowers are attacked, and seed pods may be pierced. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton [...] to 19 mm in length and have a wingspan of about 40 mm. The grey-green males are smaller. The forewings are edged with a line of black spots, and the hindwings [...] bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa

• Codling moth

  pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the [...] away. Infested fruits usually ripen prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Codling moth The adults have a wing span of 15-22 mm, blackish-brown [...] caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks in apple boxes or

• Oleander scale

  by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting and may reduce the p [...] etic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects market [...] can lead to yellowing, leaf and shoot malformation or shrivelling and plant death. Life cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a